number Mi are Fanya Kaplan. Hoy, the dispar was Lenin. Hice lo propio motu. No revelaré quien me consiguió el revolver. No Daré ningun detalle. Hare mucho tiempo has decided that Lenin matar. I consider him a traitor to the revolution. I've been exiled to Akatui for my participation in an assassination attempt against an officer of the Czar in Kiev. I spent eleven years of hard labor. I was released after the revolution. Was in favor of the constituent assembly and still am.
- Fanya Kaplan shortly before his execution on September 3, 1918.
courts should not stifle Bolshevist terrorism. It would be a false appearance; should rather, in principle, ensure and clearly legalize terrorism, no lies, no frills.
- Lenin, 1918
Smolny reformers do not care about Russia. Sacrifice Russia in cold blood in the name of the European and world revolution. As long as I can, try to approach the Russian proletariat to say: "I lead to destruction! They use you as part of an experiment inhuman. "
- Maxim Gorky, in April 1918
-III-
Chaos
provisional government, very temporary
as to assist a popular revolution in early 1917, largely funded by the Kaiser Willhelm II, King of Germany, with which Russia is at war since 1914. The people going to the barricades around the Russian Empire and in some weeks, the Czar is overthrown. In February, shock wave in the world: the Czar is overthrown. A motley coalition takes power (peasants, moderate left, socialist revolutionary, reformist right, bourgeoisie, etc..) Mensheviks led by Kerensky's provisional government which is quick to set up a meeting to prepare elections to draw up a constitution total number of institutions which the people, disgusted by the sordid brutality monarchical claims. With the Tsar overthrown, the Russian army, always at war, is disorganized and suffers defeat after defeat. Is a success for Germany.
However, the true man of the Kaiser is not Kerensky, but rather the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known under the stage name of Lenin. The pact between the Kaiser and Lenin is simple. The first finances the Bolsheviks and the second promises to sign an immediate peace with Germany on terms favorable to it. Once fully seated on the throne, Lenin was committed to reimburse his good master using funds from German to Russian national treasure.
About this, the December 3, 1917, Richard von Kuhlmann, the German Minister of Foreign Affairs:
"It was only when the Bolsheviks began to receive from us a steady stream of money for different channels and under different names, when they could ensure the survival its main newspaper, Pravda, embark on a vigorous propaganda and significantly extend his party's narrow base. Now, the Bolsheviks were in power. [...] Need peace to fortify their positions. [...] Signing a separate peace would represent the realization of the end sought military and particularly the split between Russia and its allies. "1
they do?
post is interesting to note the activities of some mythical revolutionary heroes during the winter of 1917.
Lenin, standing between the bullets whistle, tattered red flag in hand , a knife between his teeth and grenade in the ... Um? Eh ... ... ... Ilyich Ulyanov In fact the sweet passed in Zurich, Switzerland, at a time when the revolutionaries put their lives on the streets and face the police of the Czar. In a special train to transport the Kaiser makes Lenin (his secret weapon) through Germany in war, along with 40 of his close associates, who are then Sweden and Finland. Do not burn the lake, it seems true that Swiss by adoption. And it would be frowned upon by the Russian people that these revolutionaries simply pass through the German front to go home. Why go to Sweden? Lenin has full access to an account of the Nestlé company in Stockholm in 1917. The issue is revealed later that year by the newspaper Slovo Jivo. 2
"Leon Trotsky, the good, the brave, stubborn Trotsky, my idol of youth, where is it? I always figured perched on the roof of a house, train to carry the assault ugly and reactionary capitalists, pushing the shells with one hand and holding the wounded to the other ... Oh. Um. Made the verification, nooo, not completely. Leon Trotsky in the revolution, is in ... New York! Has been received on Wall Street by a group of bankers interested in certain aspects of socialism. Hearing the news of the Menshevik uprising, takes a liner to the motherland in the company of 278 "Bolsheviks." Concern! His ship is inspected in Halifax for the proud Canadian government, not aware of the new subtleties of capitalism, believing that a ship full of revolutionary communists is a good catch. Is the direct intervention of the U.S. government that allowed the Bolsheviks in New York back on track. 3
However, do one of three big names of Soviet show certainly must play a negligible role in the Russian revolution, no? Does the small Iossif, no? Standing on a tank harangue the workers, just in front of the artillery imperialist, triumphant on the summit of a prosaic bloody hill, a Gatling shoulder and three bereaved mothers knees beside him ... right? Um! ... But where is our hero, then? "The beautiful Iossif Djougashvili? In fact, released from exile by the regime's fall, as pancho back to St. Petersburg and returns to the newspaper that employed him prior Okhrana, Pravda, hereinafter funded by the German Kaiser ********. Just as the whole structure of the Czar's secret police is dissolved and Malinowski is no longer between her legs (imprisoned in a camp in Germany ...), our little Koba is at home in the newspaper. 4-5
Like several Okhrana agents, our poor little Iossif is no real job and should feel very weak and abandoned, to whom he left four years in a rust hole lost. Many veretanos Czar's police stations are in their double agents and play the game as long as possible between the victorious revolutionaries. But for those who want to engage in the elevator forward in time and place, opportunities abound. In fact, certain details to suspect that powerful friends Vissarionovitch Djougashvili Iossif not forget that in 1917, the small Georgian always figure in their long-term plans.
Wall Street sees red
lot of nice people is just in the capital during the months following the uprising. Among them are distinguished rather provided some Americans who have decided, heart in hand, moved by feelings progressive and supportive, coming to offer help to the suffering people. Mostly
part of medical missions on behalf of the Red Cross estadinense. The main financial body include JP Morgan (banker and humanist), EH Harriman (railroad baron and humanist) and Cleveland H. Dodge (banker and financier of President Wilson). The Management Board includes the Director Henry P. Davidson (partner of JP Morgan), assisted by Harry Hopkins, a friend of Averell Harriman's soul and future Secretary of State under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, John D. Ryan (Anaconda Copper), George W. Hill (American Tobacco), MP Murphy (Guaranty Trust) and Ivy Lee (public relations officer of Rockefeller). All of them engaged in the fight clearly humanist solidarity for the sake and health of peoples. The costs of the mission in Russia are fully paid by William Boyce Thompson, director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The expedition includes twenty-nine members, seven of whom are doctors. Others are businessmen, bankers and lawyers, among which are: Andrews (Liggett Tobacco and humanist), Barr (Chase Manhattan), Nicholson (Swift), Swift (Swift) and Corse (National City Bank).
This group of philanthropists are rushing to help the revolutionary government of Kerensky and will spend 10,000 rubles (two payments), to relieve the sufferings of the poor refugees. At the same time, not just the suffering population. The Bolsheviks also need help! Thompson, of the Federal Reserve, scratching the back of his pocket and come to find quite small offer Lenin: the modest sum of one million dollars (about 2.5 billion in cash, 2009). 6
What is truly exciting with the grand gestures of the heart, is that they are contagious. Another mission is organized, the latter by Edgar L. And John D. Marston Rockefeller. Christmas is the Bolshevik! Anaconda Copper Mining offers $ 1,500,000 $ 1,000,000 General Electric and the Rockefeller Foundation on discretionary provides $ 5 million. 7
In August 1917, the last members of the medical staff of the mission left Russia, but the bankers, they are left. Are at work. What it prepared? We work by first acquaintance with some of the generous bankers through whom the poor people of Russia is about to meet last few years of happiness and respite.
William Boyce Thompson
What I love is making a desperate cause to turn it into a success.
Considered among the best promoters of mining capital of his time, he managed the trading of the Guggenheim before the first war. His extraordinary talent for handling mining stocks allows you to earn a fortune. It specializes in copper and directs at least three major copper producers in the United States (nota bene: Copper is an essential element in the manufacture of ammunition). Directed at the same time two major railway companies, and the Metropolitan Life Insurance. Part of the main shareholders of Rockefeller's Chase National Bank and entrusted him the direction of the Federal Reserve of New York at the time of its creation.
Having secured the success of the Bolshevik coup, Thompson left St. Petersburg and part in a tour of the main cities, where champions the cause of the Soviet coup leaders to the heads of state and the big bankers.
Cornelius Kelleher, assistant to Thompson, says the chief doctor of the mission: "Poor Mr. Billings believed that running a scientific mission of humanitarian aid in Russia. It was nothing but a mask - The front "Red Cross" of this mission was nothing more than that, a mask. "8
Considered among the best promoters of mining capital of his time, he managed the trading of the Guggenheim before the first war. His extraordinary talent for handling mining stocks allows you to earn a fortune. It specializes in copper and directs at least three major copper producers in the United States (nota bene: Copper is an essential element in the manufacture of ammunition). Directed at the same time two major railway companies, and the Metropolitan Life Insurance. Part of the main shareholders of Rockefeller's Chase National Bank and entrusted him the direction of the Federal Reserve of New York at the time of its creation.
Having secured the success of the Bolshevik coup, Thompson left St. Petersburg and part in a tour of the main cities, where champions the cause of the Soviet coup leaders to the heads of state and the big bankers.
Cornelius Kelleher, assistant to Thompson, says the chief doctor of the mission: "Poor Mr. Billings believed that running a scientific mission of humanitarian aid in Russia. It was nothing but a mask - The front "Red Cross" of this mission was nothing more than that, a mask. "8
Basil Zaharoff
First street child, little pimp and merchant of counterfeit currency before becoming gun dealer, this Greek-born naturalized French Turkey and received the nickname of" Merchant " the-death, King-of-the-gun-death Comrade. popularize the Maxim and integrated into the vast industry Vickers, who arms both sides in the Russo-Japan war of 1905, among other things. It is he who builds the huge military-industrial complex in the city of Tsaritsyn in Russia, which is evidently the site one of the deadliest battles of World War II, under its new name of Stalingrad.
is objectively connected to Jacob Schiff and Churchill as well as being a future of Lloyd George and Aristide Briand. Knight of the Legion of Honor in France, knighted in the UK, made Baron because of his great wealth. Would have invested £ 50 million on advertising during the First World War, a fraction of their profits. His biographer says that allied heads of state could not plan a major operation without first consulting Zaharoff.
In 1917, deflects charges of weapons designed for Russian provisional government and the delivery the Bolsheviks, as well as put pressure on British Prime Minister Lloyd George to take advantage for the latter.
After World War I, Zaharoff was happy to encourage smaller wars between states and is released under the oil adventure, creating the future British Petroleeum. September 1910
Lord Alfred, Viscount Milner first
Born in Germany, a descendant of a governor of Prince Edward Island, he studied in London where burning stages in his rise from high ranking government. Distinguished by its generous humanitarian vision and Southern Africa starts where the second Boer War, during which innovation rounding up civilians in novel compounds, true ancestors of the concentration camps. 35,000 women and children die there, which allows the unification of South Africa under the British imperial flag.
On his return from Africa, becomes president of the Rio Tinto mining (copper, sulfites), controlled by the Bank of Germany, which runs for 20 years. He also chairs the Midland Bank and is one of the founders of The Round Table society, essentially an imperialist conspirators candid club. Is close friend of Basil Zaharoff arms manufacturer, Vickers, (large consumer copper).
is part of the authors of the Balfour Declaration in 1917, document precursor to the advent of the state of Israel. Is physically present in St. Petersburg in February 1917, at the time of Menshevik uprising. He is secretary of the Colonies in 1918, making it signed the infamous Treaty of Versailles on behalf of the British realm. Associate of Henry Ford, Ford tractors imposed in England.
says about himself: "I am a nationalist, a cosmopolitan. I am a British nationalist. If I am also imperialistic, is because the fate of the English race, owing to its insular position and because of his long naval supremacy came to take root in different continents. I am an imperialist, not a supporter of a small-England because I am a patriot of the British race. "
November 1912
Raymond Robins
An important member of the mission is the assistant to William B . Thompson, the millionaire of the Klondike, it was militant "socialist" in 1912 by Franklin Delano Roosevelt contact. When Thompson left Russia on December 4, 1917 to return to their businesses, Robins replaces him in the direction of the mission. then sent a cable to Washington that says: "(...) The recognition of the Bolsheviks is urgent, should be have offered immediately (after the coup - N.delA.) estadinense and if the government had proceeded in this way, we would be in control of Russian resources and would control officers at all border crossings. "
After the fall of the Kerensky government, Colonel Robins gives Trotsky's Red Army several hundreds of thousands of boxes of condensed milk for the starving infants
13 After the fall of the Kerensky government, Colonel Robins gives Trotsky's Red Army several hundreds of thousands of boxes of condensed milk for the starving infants
Djerzinski Felix, director and founder of the Tcheka the ancestor of the KGB, says about Robins: "Robins was the largest and most loyal friend of the Bolsheviks to all foreigners who were in Russia at the time. It was the only one who understood our goals and fully sympathized with us and holding our government. We devote the highest esteem. "Robins
A telegram sent to Thompson, January 23, 1918:
" Soviet Government stronger than ever. Highly consolidated power and authority by dissolving the Constituent Assembly (...) It is my duty to insist strongly about the importance of prompt recognition of Bolshevik authority (...) we fully agree on this point. "
14
WL Saunders
is part of the directors of the Federal Reserve Bank. Write to President Wilson on October 17, 1918 that he "sympathized with the Soviet form of government, while pretending to" be somehow motivated by the prospect of global trade get your hands after the war. " 15
Jacob H. Rubin
Another U.S. financial member of the Freemasons and the B 'nai Brith, Jacob H. Rubin hold the Bolsheviks in Odessa in 1920. Born in Russia, still speaks the language when he goes there. Is associated with the Union Bank of Milwaukee and Provident Loan Society of New York, which PA and Mortimer Loeb Schiff Rockefeller (son of Jacob Schiff and founder of the Boy Scouts of America) were major shareholders. Is also covered with a false mission of the Red Cross that this former member of the Socialist Party is going to Odessa to hold there the Red Army invasion. At one point, the honeymoon between him and the Bolsheviks is over. Three years later, after rusty in Soviet prisons, Rubin returns to the United States and declares: "Never was any government so despotic as that currently prevails over the poor people of Russia for a system of terrorism. Whoever seeks today the people are well treated under the Soviets is a simple liar. "
16 17
Max May
Is German Max May, vice president of Guaranty Trust (one of the banks Morgan), who will be the first president of the bank's foreign department Soviet Ruskombank. On January 10, 1918, Guaranty Trust announced that Max May not take more than one seat on the board until the end of the war. The bank says the New York Times that the patriotism of Max May is not in question, just him who became a citizen estadinense. We recall that "Mr. May has no equal in the domain of international trade, but asked to be relieved of their duties for the duration of the war, what the council could not object." We learn in the same article that in 1918, Max May move twenty million dollars a day and its annual trade totaling six billion (in cash at the time). 18
Thomas W. Lamont
At the head of JP Morgan Guaranty Trust. It is part of President Wilson coming financiers and founders of the Federal Reserve. Part of the delegation estadinense in the Paris peace conference. During the following years, is financial advisor to Benito Mussolini aide fix plus a payment of $ 100 million in 1926. 19 20
Otto H. Kahn
Director American International Company (a holding company that brings together Morgan and Rockefeller). Coupled to Schiff and Wilson Warburg to require financial support for the Bolsheviks. Some years later, plenty of praise Mussolini's Italy estadinenses to investors at the same time injecting extra capital AIC in Soviet Russia. We become a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 1928. 21
Ivy Lee
is responsible for public relations Rockefeller. Surprisingly, it is charged with selling Bolshevism in the United States during the 20's.
Julius Hammer
The post of finance director is held by Soviet World Julius Hammer, who landed in Russia and becomes one of the leading Socialists of New York. Her family kept close ties with the Soviets after 1917. Your child will be the director Armand Hammer of Occidental Petroleum Corporation.
Felix Frankfurter
The Austrian Felix Frankfurter, protected from Jacob Schiff (the banker who assembled in Japan in its war against Russia in 1905), plays an important role in the Soviet New York World and appointed more late judge of the Supreme Court of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Lifelong friend of Walter Lippmann. He was one of the founders of the American Jewish Congress and took a seat in the Paris Peace Conference as a delegate Zionist.
complete the list with a very amazing, which lost a little history trail, which is very unfortunate in view of the author.
Alexander Ludwik Christian Karl Martens
Karl Gustav Adolf Martens, Ludwik's father is a rich German industrialist who operates one of the largest steel factories in the world, located in Kursk, Russia, in Ukrainian border. Ludwik Martens met Lenin in St. Petersburg University in 1893, where they are comrades ... class, and joined the Marxists. Arrested for seditious activities and deported to Germany in 1899. Then emigrated to London in 1906.
War breaks out in 1914, opposing Russia's Czar to the Kaiser's Germany. Small concern: in 1915, the Russians suspect Martens to work against them on behalf of his mother country and confiscate the family factory. In 1916, Ludwik moved again, this time to New York, where it joins the dynamic environment (and human) Wall Street bankers.
In 1917, Ludwik is vice president of an engineering company whose offices are located at 120 Broadway in New York. Two years Later, in 1917, Ludwig Martens is part of the expedition of 278 Russians leave the United States in company with Leon Trotsky, after the announcement of the success of the February Revolution the Mensheviks.
We do not know much about its activities in Russia under cover of a humanitarian mission to the Red Cross. However, it is possible to deduce what they were their projects, because we have the possibility to know the continuation. The Bolsheviks demolished because the government elected in December 1917 and strives Martens between them as a full member of the Soviet movement.
Once the Soviets well located, Martens returns to New York in 1919 to found the Soviet-funded World the Guaranty Trust, one of the banks of JP Morgan. Is this German-born British estadinense who then becomes the unofficial Russian ambassador in the United States. Establishing its embassy in Wall Street, New York, rather than in Washington. Cornered, the State Department's office investigates the World Soviet Martens is convened by the Congressional subcommittee on Foreign Affairs, the first of February 1920. Is suspected of fostering a Bolshevik revolution in the United States.
testifies before the subcommittee that the propaganda of your organization ever said the Radicals or the proletariat and on the contrary, their efforts are mainly concentrated on the side of big business such as Guaranty Trust, Chicago Packers, United Steel, Standard Oil, Swift, Nelson Morris, American Steel, International Harvester, etc. States at the time that the largest corporations estadinenses support the Soviet government. The research is borne out very clearly their statements, despite strong denials and media of large industrial. Overwhelmed by the State Department records, Martens is deported to the Soviet Union in 1921.
Back in Russia, he sees his friends Bolsheviks provide the direction of the Supreme Soviet of National Economy, after Glavmetal address, the state monopoly of ... steel! Is as very rapidly this inherited the leadership of the former steel factory in Kursk dad, who gets a chance to modernize and transform completely into one of the most immense quarries of iron and steel in the world.
In order to assess their significance, recall that one of the biggest battles in the history of mankind is made in Kursk in 1943. The Russian and German general staffs are going to risk it for this purpose, successfully defended by Stalin, but at the cost of sacrifices just insane and credible: 250,000 dead and 650,000 wounded, ie loss of nearly a million men! This will be the turning point, the nail in the coffin the Russian campaign. The largest submarine ever built has been named Kursk, which sank in murky circumstances of which still do not know the background. Martens
Ludvik spends the rest of his days at the height of the Soviet state and is one of the few leaders "Bolsheviks" who manage to avoid all of Stalin's purges without much concern. He is buried in the Novodevichy cemetery honorific, which is a neighbor of worms Gogol, Chekhov and Rubinstein. A little more, and I did place in the mausoleum, in the Kremlin. A real fairy tale. Detail
fun, it's in 1917 during Martens' stay in Russia, that leaves our beloved Iossif Djougashvili all pseudonyms for the benefit of Stalin and undertook its meteoric ascent to the summit of the Soviet government. Stalin means steel in Russian. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
beautiful Continued
program
Izvestia is founded on March 13, 1917. March 15, abdication of the Tsar. The Menchevques keep their promise and organize elections. The national election is a small disaster for the Bolsheviks, who obtained only 175 seats of 707. Viktor is the Social Revolutionary Tchernov who is elected president of the assembly. Lenin's patience and Wall Street is dead.
Too bad! Between 6 to 8 November, the group of Lenin should cheerfully to his coup and moves to the elected government without forcing things too much. It is these three small hours talking since then the official story when he says, his voice trembling, "the October Revolution."
The Bolshevik coup government is quick then with a vibrant energy! The seat of government is moved from St. Petersburg to Smolny. The City National Bank of JP Morgan is waived in the nationalization decree signed by Lenin banks at the time of his seizure of power. In the very first session of the Bolshevik government, Lenin calls Dukhonin, Commander of the Russian army to demand negotiations with a view to immediate peace with Germany. You refuse? Is executed.
Izvestia is founded on March 13, 1917. March 15, abdication of the Tsar. The Menchevques keep their promise and organize elections. The national election is a small disaster for the Bolsheviks, who obtained only 175 seats of 707. Viktor is the Social Revolutionary Tchernov who is elected president of the assembly. Lenin's patience and Wall Street is dead.
Too bad! Between 6 to 8 November, the group of Lenin should cheerfully to his coup and moves to the elected government without forcing things too much. It is these three small hours talking since then the official story when he says, his voice trembling, "the October Revolution."
The Bolshevik coup government is quick then with a vibrant energy! The seat of government is moved from St. Petersburg to Smolny. The City National Bank of JP Morgan is waived in the nationalization decree signed by Lenin banks at the time of his seizure of power. In the very first session of the Bolshevik government, Lenin calls Dukhonin, Commander of the Russian army to demand negotiations with a view to immediate peace with Germany. You refuse? Is executed.
November 17, global censorship on the whole Russian territory: the control of all publications is assumed by the Bolsheviks, who soon the information entrusted to a monopoly of two newspapers, Izvestia and Pravda .... The Tcheka (secret police) is introduced in December, led by Felix Djerzinski. Very strange thing, including, inter alia to 500 Chinese nationals, who are entrusted summary executions. On November 25, Leon Trotsky mocks the Mensheviks when removed from the board of the Soviets: "You are a pitiful and isolated individuals are ruined your role is finished. Will occupy the site that belongs to them hereafter - in the dustbin of history ".
A State Department report dated U.S. December 1917 warns that the government of Smolny (Bolshevik headquarters ) is under absolute control of the German and that several or even a majority of the Bolsheviks come from the United States. However, on 28 November, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the non-intervention against the Bolshevik coup in preparation . Then, surprisingly, on December 12, Wilson authorizes the Secretary of State Robert Lansing to provide financial assistance for counter-revolutionary movement of General Kaledin, Cossack rebellion, and monarchical which destabilizes the revolutionary government of Kerensky and the Mensheviks.
January 14, a first attempt to assassinate Lenin aborts (committed by unidentified armed men.) The constituent assembly is closed by the Bolsheviks on 19 January 1918. The Red Guards opened fire on demonstrators. Twenty of them perish. The opposition is thrown in jail.
On March 3, 1918, the Bolshevik delegation signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ceding Poland, the Baltic States, Ukraine, Finland and Bessarabia, plus a selvage between Kars and Trabzon to be along the Turkish border A total of 62 million citizens. A secret clause is added to the effect that Lenin sent back to the Germans 90 tons of gold, which in principle gives us an idea of the funds provided by the Kaiser to encourage the increased power of the Bolsheviks. Ulcerated by the treaty, the Revolutionary Socialists withdrew from the coalition Bolshevik. Immediately persecuted. Several key leaders of the revolution resign: Bukharin, Bubnov, Piatakov, Dzherzhinsky, Smirnov and the head of the St. Petersburg Tcheka, Moisei Uritsky. An extraordinary congress of the Bolshevik party is called the 6, 7 and 8 March. Uritsky takes his place in the Tcheka when civil war broke out on 25 May.
In July 1918 the Tsar and his family, wife and children included, are executed.
August 30, double attack against Uritsky in St. Petersburg and Lenin in Moscow. The first life left in place and the second is seriously injured. Stalin proposed then the red terrorism, to attack those responsible. Since September, about 790 officers were executed by the Tcheka. A wave of unprecedented brutality, then dipped to the opposition. Torture, beatings, amputations, rapes, for the fortunate. Others are killed, drowned, buried alive, cut with a knife, frozen ... The Soviet official records are taken into account 12,733 executions between 1918 and 1920. The historian Orlando Figa talks about 300,000 murders.
An impressive number of socialists and Bolsheviks realize that they have been betrayed and take up arms. Green Army is subtly erased from official history, despite its 130 divisions. The White armies, monarchists, reactionaries, receive preferential treatment in the Western capitalist media. An invasion force seizes estadinense Archangelsk, in the far north, while the British eat the black pearl, Baku, in the South. Wars, mass executions, rebellions, famines, epidemics, the whole empire breaks down into a huge pond and infects suffering and death, affecting the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Progress does not stop.
----- Sources:
1 ZA Zeman, Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1958 2 S.
Passony, Der Monat, 1954.
3 Wall Street and the Bolchevik revolution, Antony Sutton
four Roman Brackman, agent du Tsar Stalin Larousse http://www.larousse.fr/ref/personnage/Iossif-VissarionovitchDjougachvili_138847.htm
5 6 Washington Post, 2 février 1918
7 NY Times, 22 juin 1917 8 George F.
Kennan, Russia Leaves the War
9 Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655380/Sir-Basil-Zaharoff 10-11
Wikipedia
12 Wall Street And The Bolshevik Revolution, Antony Sutton
13 NY Times, June 27, 1920
14 Wall Street And The Bolshevik Revolution, Antony Sutton
15 Archives of the State Department quoted by Sutton
16 Connecticut Biographies Project
17 New York Times, December 21, 1920
18-19 Wall Street & the Bolshevik Revolution, Antony Sutton
20 Eustace Mullins, Secrets of the Federal Reserve
21-22 Wall Street & the Bolshevik Revolution, Antony Sutton
23 The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
24 Tutor Gig Encyclopedia, http://www.tutorgig.com/
25 Absolute Astronomy, http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Ludwig_Martens
Wikipedia
26 27 Ludo Martens, Un autre Regard sur Stalin, 1994
28 The Harvard Crimson, 18 décembre 1920
29 Boris L. Brasol, The World at the Crossroads, 1921
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